对比论证显主题
    Comparative argumentation highlights the theme
    【作文题目】
    [Essay Title]
    （全国大纲卷高考作文题）阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。
    Read the following materials and write an article of no less than 800 words according to the requirements.
    台后一帘深色幕布，台上一架钢琴，柔和的灯光洒在黑白键上，人们屏息等待。女钢琴家悄然出现，衣着简朴。演奏家上台，谁不身着华美的演出服，光彩夺目？人们就此问她，她回答：“人，要隐于音乐背后。”
    There is a dark curtain behind the stage, a piano on the stage, and soft lights shining on the black and white keys. People hold their breath and wait. The female pianist quietly appeared, dressed in simple attire. When performers come on stage, who doesn't wear magnificent performance costumes and shine brilliantly? People asked her about this, and she replied, "People should hide behind music
    女钢琴家的话耐人寻味。有人感佩不已，有人不以为然，有人感到了缺憾，有人联想到人生的诸多方面……
    The words of the female pianist are thought-provoking. Some people are deeply impressed, some are indifferent, some feel regretful, and some associate with many aspects of life
    要求：选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题，不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。
    Requirements: Choose a good angle, determine the intention, clarify the style, draft the title on your own, do not deviate from the scope of the material content and meaning in the essay, do not copy, and do not plagiarize.
    【范文】
    [Sample]
    人生之戏的真谛
    The true meaning of the play of life
    人生如一出戏，不在乎出场时的阵营有多豪华，在乎的只是这出戏所表现出的人生的真谛。
    Life is like a play, it doesn't matter how luxurious the camp is when it appears, it only cares about the true meaning of life expressed in this play.
    ——题记
    ——Title:
    （以题记开篇，暗示本文主题。运用比喻，形象生动，引出观点。）
    (Start with the title, implying the theme of this article. Use metaphors to vividly illustrate and introduce the viewpoint.)
    台后一帘深色的幕布，台上一架钢琴，柔和的灯光洒在黑白键上，女钢琴家悄然出现，衣着简朴。当人们问她为什么不穿华美的演出服时，她的回答是：“人，要隐于音乐背后。”女钢琴家的话耐人寻味，在物欲横流的今天，有些人过度追求华美而忘其本心。其实一个真正的人，只靠外表是不够的，内心散发的芳香才是最迷人的。一个人的生命意义不在于他是否穿着华丽，体态优美，而在于他留给我们的是一片浮华还是一丝感动。（开头引述材料，引发思考，明确中心）
    There is a dark curtain behind the stage, a piano on the stage, soft lights shining on the black and white keys, and a female pianist quietly appears, dressed simply. When people asked her why she didn't wear fancy performance costumes, her answer was: "People should hide behind the music." The words of the female pianist are thought-provoking. In today's materialistic world, some people excessively pursue beauty and forget their true intentions. In fact, a true person's appearance alone is not enough, the fragrance emanating from the heart is the most charming. The meaning of a person's life does not lie in whether they dress extravagantly or have a graceful figure, but in whether they leave us with a sense of extravagance or a touch of emotion. (Start by citing materials to stimulate thinking and clarify the center)
    去年感动中国特别奖得主——白芳礼老人，将蹬三轮车赚的35万元捐给上不起学的贫困孩子，重圆了贫困儿童的读书梦。当他把最后一笔善款捐给学校时，他说：“这是我捐的最后一笔钱，以后可能再也捐不了了。”这句话是他一生最好的写照。（正面论证，运用白芳礼老人事例，很有针对性和说服力。）
    Last year, Bai Fangli, the recipient of the Touching China Special Award, donated the 350000 yuan earned from riding a tricycle to impoverished children who cannot afford to go to school, fulfilling their dream of studying. When he donated his last donation to the school, he said, "This is the last money I donated, and I may never be able to donate again in the future." This sentence is the best portrayal of his life. (Positive argument, using the example of Bai Fangli, is very targeted and persuasive.)
    也许，从穿着来看，白芳礼老人与乞丐没什么差别，可他却做了被许多人忽略的事，做了许多富翁没做到的事，他是真正的“乞丐富翁”。老人一生生活简朴，语言朴实，可他却带着贫困儿童迈进了新的春天，给这个匆忙的世界留下了温暖与感动。俗话说：“赠人玫瑰，手有余香。”他用行动感动了中国，用毕生精力诠释了生命的意义，让人们明白了：一个人活着不在于你拥有什么，而在于你用所拥有的东西做了些什么，给世界留下的是匆匆的背影，还是无限的希望。（在叙例的基础上进一步加以分析议论，回扣论点。）
    Perhaps, judging from his attire, Bai Fangli is no different from a beggar, but he has done things that many people overlook and things that many wealthy people have not done. He is truly a 'beggar rich man'. The old man lived a simple life and spoke plain language throughout his life, but he led impoverished children into a new spring, leaving warmth and emotion in this hurried world. As the saying goes, "Give roses to others, and your hands will have fragrance." He moved China with his actions and interpreted the meaning of life with his lifelong energy, making people understand that a person's life is not about what you have, but about what you have done with what you have. What you leave behind for the world is a hurried silhouette or infinite hope. (Further analyze and discuss the kickback argument based on the given examples.)
    与此相反，私吞募捐款的炫富女郭美美，严重违纪的前铁道部部长刘志军，腐化堕落的前重庆市公安局局长文强……他们的行为让人感慨不已。我们能说他们外表不华丽？我们能说他们地位不高吗？我们能说他们的钱不多吗？……可他们亮丽的光环下却是怎样的一颗心呢？他们与慷慨朴实的白芳礼老人相比难道不该感到汗颜吗？（排比语句的使用，使本段气势逼人，极有说服力。）（反面论证，运用时下的热议话题，从反面论证，突显本文观点的正确性。）
    On the contrary, Guo Meimei, a flaunting wealthy woman who embezzled donations, Liu Zhijun, a former Minister of Railways who seriously violated discipline, and Wen Qiang, a corrupt former Director of the Chongqing Public Security Bureau... Their actions are deeply moving. Can we say that their appearance is not glamorous? Can we say that their status is not high? Can we say they don't have much money But what kind of heart does it have under their bright halo? Shouldn't they feel ashamed compared to the generous and simple Bai Fangli elderly? (The use of parallelism makes this paragraph imposing and highly persuasive.) (Negative argumentation, using current hot topics, highlights the correctness of the viewpoint in this article through negative argumentation.)
    现在，每年都要评选出“感动中国”人物，他们大都是像白芳礼老人一样平凡普通的人，但他们却做出了令无数国人感动的事。
    Now, people who "touched China" are selected every year. Most of them are ordinary people like Bai Fangli, but they have done things that moved countless countrymen people.
    人活一生如戏演一场，不必在意舞台的豪华，阵容的庞大，服装的华美，那些只是瓶中之花，沙上大厦，应在意的还应是这场戏所表现的真谛。（结尾回扣材料，照应观点，突出主旨。）
    A person's life is like a play, without worrying about the luxury of the stage, the size of the lineup, or the splendor of the costumes. Those are just flowers in a bottle, like buildings on the sand. What should be cared about is the true meaning expressed in this play. (End rebate material, corresponding to the viewpoint, highlighting the main idea.)
    【点评】
    [Comment]
    1.对比论证，主题深刻。文章主体部分采用了对比论证的手法，通过慷慨朴实的白芳礼老人与亮丽的光环下的丑恶现象进行对比，深化了主题。
    1. Comparative argumentation, profound theme. The main body of the article adopts a comparative argumentation approach, deepening the theme by comparing the generous and simple Bai Fangli elderly with the ugly phenomena under the bright halo.
    2.贴近生活，时代感强。文中所选事例，无论是感动中国的白芳礼老人，还是时下人们热议的炫富女等，选材较新颖，贴近社会现实，有较强的时代感。
    2. Close to life, with a strong sense of the times. The selected examples in the article, whether it is the touching Bai Fangli elderly person in China or the current hot topic of flaunting wealth women, are chosen with novelty, close to social reality, and have a strong sense of the times.
    3.紧扣材料，不枝不蔓。文章题记、开头、中间和结尾都能紧扣材料，文笔流畅，不蔓不枝，中心突出。
    3. Tightly adhere to the material, without branches or vines. The title, beginning, middle, and end of the article can all be closely related to the material, with a fluent writing style that is neither too broad nor too narrow, and the center is prominent.
    分点论述层次清
    Point by point discussion with clear hierarchy
    【作文题目】
    [Essay Title]
    （山东省高考作文题）阅读下面的材料，根据自己的感悟和联想，写一篇不少于800字的文章。
    Read the following material and write an article of no less than 800 words based on your own insights and associations.
    惟我辈既以担当中国改革发展为己任，虽石烂海枯，而此身尚存，此心不死。既不可以失败而灰心，亦不能以困难而缩步，精神贯注，猛力向前，应乎世界进步之潮流，合乎善长恶消之天理，则终有最后成功之一日。——孙中山
    Only our generation takes it as our own responsibility to undertake China's reform and development. Although the rocks are broken and the sea is dry, this body still exists, and this heart will not die. We cannot lose heart due to failure, nor can we shrink from difficulties. With a strong focus and determination, we should move forward in accordance with the trend of world progress and the natural law of good and evil. Only then will we eventually succeed—— Sun Yat-sen
    要求：①选准角度，自定立意；②自拟题目；③除诗歌外，文体不限；④文体特征鲜明。
    Requirements: ① Choose the right angle and establish your own intention; ② Self drafted topic; ③ Except for poetry, there are no restrictions on literary genres; ④ The stylistic features are distinct.
    【范文】
    [Sample]
    不畏艰难，担起重任
    Fearless of difficulties, shouldering heavy responsibilities
    正如孙中山先生所云：惟我辈既以担当中国改革发展为己任，既不可以失败而灰心，亦不能以困难而缩步，合乎善长恶消之天理，则终有最后成功之一日。我辈是中华最坚强的一辈，我辈是中华最骄傲的一辈，我们应不畏艰难，担起重任，成就祖国历史长河中属于我们的一片天空。（简引材料入文，扣题严密，段末提出中心论点，开门见山。）
    As Dr. Sun Yat sen once said, we must take it upon ourselves to undertake China's reform and development. We cannot afford to lose heart due to failure, nor can we shrink from difficulties. In accordance with the natural law of good and evil, we will eventually succeed. We are the strongest and proudest generation in China. We should not fear difficulties, shoulder heavy responsibilities, and create a sky that belongs to us in the long river of our country's history. (Introduce the material briefly into the text, keep the topic concise, and present the central argument at the end of the paragraph, getting straight to the point.)
    不畏艰难，担起重任，首先要心系祖国的召唤。（分论点论证，层次分明。分段析例，紧扣观点，可见考生的聪明之处。）
    Fearless of difficulties and shouldering heavy responsibilities, we must first be concerned about the call of our motherland. (Dissertation, clear hierarchy. Segmented analysis of examples, closely following the viewpoint, shows the intelligence of the candidate.)
    可曾记得我们敬爱的周总理？当社会动荡、国家危亡之时，周总理始终不忘祖国的召唤，于是他发出了“为中华之崛起而读书”的震天呐喊。在中华人民共和国成立之后，祖国建设之中，他依旧担当自己的重任，树立了中国外交史上一个又一个不朽的丰碑。美国第一夫人杰奎琳说：“如果让我敬佩一个人，那这个人就是周恩来！”可见，他的名声和影响力震撼了海外。
    Do you remember our beloved Premier Zhou? When society was in turmoil and the country was in danger, Premier Zhou never forgot the call of the motherland, so he issued a resounding cry of "study for the rise of China". After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, he continued to shoulder his heavy responsibilities in the construction of the motherland and established one immortal monument after another in the history of Chinese diplomacy. Jacqueline, the First Lady of the United States, once said, 'If I admire someone, it's Zhou Enlai!' It's evident that his reputation and influence have shaken overseas.
    正因为周总理的不畏艰难，担起重任，才有了我们今天的祥和。而他的人格魅力、治国才干和外交智慧正时刻影响着我们这代人。（第一个分论点。引用周恩来总理的事例，很有说服力，再加上杰奎琳的佐证，论证更有力。）
    It is precisely because Premier Zhou did not fear difficulties and took on important responsibilities that we have today's peace. And his personal charm, governing ability, and diplomatic wisdom are constantly influencing our generation. (The first sub argument. Using Premier Zhou Enlai's example is very convincing, and with Jacqueline's evidence, the argument is even more powerful.)
    不畏艰难，担起重任，需要一种奉献与崇高的境界。
    Fearless of difficulties and taking on heavy responsibilities require a state of dedication and nobility.
    可曾记得多次到山区支教但最终永远留在了那里的武汉大学女大学生赵小亭？她为了那里贫穷而又善良的孩子们，多次利用假期的时间去贵州山区支教。而在一次途中不幸被滚落的山石砸倒，将她的青春永远留在了那里。她始终担当起了自己的责任，默默地奉献，直至生命的最后一刻。
    Do you remember Zhao Xiaoting, a female college student from Wuhan University who went to mountainous areas to teach multiple times but ultimately stayed there forever? She used her vacation time multiple times to teach in the mountainous areas of Guizhou for the poor yet kind children there. Unfortunately, she was knocked down by rolling rocks on the way, leaving her youth there forever. She always took on her responsibilities and silently dedicated herself until the last moment of her life.
    出品正因为赵小亭的不畏艰难，担起重任，才召唤了越来越多的青年大学生加入到志愿者的行列中，投身于西部支教的大军中，献身于祖国最需要的地方。（第二个分论点。联系赵小亭事例，极好地印证了第二个分论点。）（仍是分段析例，紧扣观点。）
    It is precisely because Zhao Xiaoting fearlessly faces difficulties and takes on heavy responsibilities that more and more young college students have been summoned to join the ranks of volunteers, devoting themselves to the army of teaching in the western region and dedicating themselves to the places where our country needs it most. (Second sub argument. Using the example of Zhao Xiaoting, it excellently confirms the second sub argument.) (Still using segmented examples to closely follow the viewpoint.)
    不畏艰难，担起重任，不一定非要做出轰轰烈烈的大事，只要是为了人民，有积极意义，即便是微不足道的小事同样可以彰显我们的光辉与价值。
    Fearless of difficulties and taking on heavy responsibilities, we don't necessarily have to do grand and magnificent things. As long as it is for the people and has positive significance, even trivial matters can still demonstrate our brilliance and value.
    可曾记得近来活跃于我们视线中的那些可歌可泣的平民英雄？“最美妈妈”勇敢地接住从10楼坠落的小孩；“最美女教师”看见呼啸而来的汽车奋力推开身边的学生；“最美司机”在生命最后一刻强忍疼痛停稳客车，拯救了24条生命。那些最平凡的人在最平凡的职责中，做出了最不平凡的事情。他们向我们展示了他们不畏艰难，敢于担当重任的勇气与信念。（第三个分论点。以简例的排比式论证，使行文富有变化，并且气势强烈，有力地论证了观点。）（对三个分论点的论证，采用的形式基本相似，均采用“可曾记得……”句式开头，使文章层次清晰，结构严谨。）
    Do you remember those heroic civilians who have been active in our sight recently? The most beautiful mother bravely caught the child who fell from the 10th floor; The 'most beautiful teacher' saw the roaring car vigorously pushing away the students next to her; The 'most beautiful driver' endured the pain and stopped the bus at the last moment of his life, saving 24 lives. Those most ordinary people have done the most extraordinary things in the most ordinary responsibilities. They showed us their courage and belief in not fearing difficulties and daring to take on heavy responsibilities. (The third sub argument. Using a simple example of parallelism to argue, the writing is rich in variation and the momentum is strong, effectively demonstrating the viewpoint.) (The forms used to argue the three sub arguments are basically similar, all starting with the sentence "may have remembered...", making the article clear in hierarchy and rigorous in structure.)
    今天，我们这一辈即将迈向社会，我们深知我们肩上的重任，纵使山高水长，纵使艰难险阻，我们定会不畏艰难，担起重任。
    Today, our generation is about to step into society, and we deeply understand the heavy responsibility on our shoulders. Despite the mountains and rivers, and the difficulties and obstacles, we will not be afraid of difficulties and take on the heavy responsibility.
    滚滚巨浪掀不翻生命之舟，正如浓浓黑暗遮不住前行的道路，我辈定会坚强，不畏艰难，担起重任。正如毕淑敏所说：“优等的心，不会华丽，但必须坚固。”（结尾回扣开头，以名句收束，既有文采又有感染力。）
    The rolling waves cannot capsize the ship of life, just as thick darkness cannot cover the path ahead. We will be strong, fearless of difficulties, and shoulder heavy responsibilities. As Bi Shumin said, "A noble heart is not glamorous, but it must be strong."
    【点评】
    [Comment]
    文章最为精彩之处就是分论点行文，思路明确，层次清晰。在首段提出中心论点后，随后提出了三个分论点，“不畏艰难，担起重任，首先要心系祖国的召唤”“不畏艰难，担起重任，需要一种奉献与崇高的境界”“不畏艰难，担起重任……微不足道的小事同样可以彰显我们的光辉与价值”，使文章明显表现出构思严密的特点。在素材运用方面，紧跟时代，用了很多鲜活的实例，具有极强的时代感和感染力。
    The most exciting aspect of the article is the use of arguments in a clear and organized manner. After presenting the central argument in the first paragraph, three sub arguments were subsequently put forward, namely "Fearless of difficulties and shouldering heavy responsibilities, first of all, we must be concerned about the call of our motherland", "Fearless of difficulties and shouldering heavy responsibilities require a state of dedication and nobility", and "Fearless of difficulties and shouldering heavy responsibilities... even insignificant matters can demonstrate our brilliance and value", making the article clearly demonstrate the characteristics of rigorous conception. In terms of material utilization, we keep up with the times and use many vivid examples, which have a strong sense of the times and infectiousness.